Drought Assessment across Erbil Using Satellite Products

In this article, meteorological and agricultural droughts across the Erbil province, Iraq, were assessed using remote sensing data satellite products. To end, long-term (2000–2022) Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at 1- 3-month accumulation periods (SPEI-1 SPEI-3) as well Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) utilized. While former was retrieved from global SPEI repository, latter derived Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) The spatiotemporal variations in indices indicated that two to nine extreme drought events occurred province with an increasing northward pattern. An trend NDVI series also detected, having more diversity vegetation coverage northern part of province. relationship between MODIS-NDVI found be positive but insignificant. Thus, we concluded short-term not only reason for Erbil. Furthermore, climate characteristics related cumulative water balance over a previous season is important trigger spatial variation